Genetic and genomic information has become far more accessible, and research using human genetic data has grown exponentially over the past decade. Genetics and genomics research is now being conducted by a wide range of investigators across disciplines, who often use population descriptors inconsistently and/or inappropriately to capture the complex patterns of continuous human genetic variation. In response to a request from the National Institutes of Health, the National Academies assembled an interdisciplinary committee of expert volunteers to conduct a study to review and assess existing methodologies, benefits, and challenges in using race, ethnicity, ancestry, and other population descriptors in genomics research. The resulting report focuses on understanding the current use of population descriptors in genomics research, examining best practices for researchers, and identifying processes for adopting best practices within the biomedical and scientific communities. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummarySECTION I: PAST AND CURRENT USE OF POPULATION DESCRIPTORS IN GENETICS AND GENOMICS RESEARCH1 Population Descriptors in Human Genetics Research: Genesis, Evolution, and Challenges2 A Multiplicity of Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics ResearchSECTION II: RECOMMENDATIONS3 Guiding Principles4 Requisites for Sustained Change5 Guidance for Selection and Use of Population Descriptors in Genomics Research6 Implementation and AccountabilityAppendix A: Study Approach and MethodsAppendix B: GlossaryAppendix C: Table of International ProgramsAppendix D:Decision Tree for the Use of Population Descriptors in Genomics ResearchAppendix E: Committee and Staff BiosketchesAppendix F: Disclosure of Unavoidable Conflict of Interest
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