Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Broadening Access to the Results of Scientific Research3 The State of Open Science4 A Vision for Open Science by Design5 Transitioning to Open Science by Design6 Accelerating Progress to Open Science by DesignReferencesAppendix A Committee Member BiographiesAppendix B GlossaryAppendix C Office of Science and Technology Policy 2013 Memorandum: Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific ResearchAppendix D Office of Science and Technology Policy 2014 Memorandum: Improving the Management of and Access to Scientific CollectionsAppendix E Committee Meeting Agendas
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