Analyses the role of subsurface drainage to reduce waterlogging and salinity problems in irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. This study formulates recommendations on how to improve subsurface drainage practices. It contains a synthesis based on eight case studies covering subsurface drainage practices in Egypt, India and Pakistan.
Multi-channel estuaries, such as the Mekong Delta in Vietnam and the Scheldt in the Netherlands, have characteristics of both the river and the sea, forming a unique environment influenced by tidal movements of the sea and freshwater flow of the river. This study addresses a number of knowledge gaps in multi-channel estuaries by developing a predictive analytical approach for salinity intrusion and discharge estimate in multi-channel estuaries. The new approach agrees well with 1-D hydrodynamic models and observations, indicating its applicability in practice. Most importantly, the study has successfully developed a new theory and a new equation to quantify tidal pumping due to ebb-flood channel residual circulation and the related salt dispersion.
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